Scientific Article .

The Scientific Article Entitled “The Science of Statistics Between the Past and the Present”

The earliest beginnings of the science of statistics date back to the mid-18th century, when the term Statistics appeared in German in 1749. The interpretation of this term changed throughout history, and the development of statistical science was linked to sovereign states and the evolution of probability theory. At that time, the concept was limited to the collection of data and information about nations, counting and enumeration, and conducting population censuses.

This field statistics which began with simple counting, has today become a way of thinking that plays a vital role in understanding phenomena, planning, forecasting, and decision-making, while opening doors to new areas of knowledge across various disciplines. Scholars today agree that the rapid advancement in statistical thinking has led to a revolution in information and communication technology. Modern approaches to studying systems of contemporary science and technology are rooted in the interconnectedness of knowledge among mathematics (the queen of sciences), statistics (the servant of sciences), and computing (the language of sciences), through the construction of mathematical–statistical–computational models based on data science. These models describe nearly everything in life, the dynamics of all observable phenomena. Statistics is thus considered a science of mutual relationships with other fields, where statistical methods and theories form a foundation for their development.

Statistical models are characterized by elegance through the harmony of numbers and the aesthetics of form by parsimony, allowing focus on the variables with the greatest influence on a given phenomenon, and by flexibility, enabling their application to a wide range of phenomena.

All of this leads the thoughtful observer of the evolution of statistical thinking to recognize that the success of this discipline ultimately depends on the statistician, one who embodies calm scientific reasoning, honesty, and integrity.

Prof. of Statistics and Econometrics

Prof. Dr. Nazem Abdullah Abd Al-Mohammadi

Al-Huda University College

Anbar

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